Journal article

Title: A Study on the Dynamics of 'State-Society' Relations and Healthcare in Myanmar: Focusing on the Implications of the Civil Disobedience Movement Author: KIM HeesukName of Journal: The Korean Journal of Area Studies AbstractThe civil disobedience movement launched by medical staffs at public hospitals in response to the coup conducted by Myanmar's military in 2021 shows the perception that the political crisis triggered by the coup is more fatal to the safety and health of the people of this country than the health crisis caused by COVID-19. Myanmar's healthcare system has gone backwards over the past 50 years under military rule. Myanmar has established systems and policies aimed at universal health security from a very early age, but the reality has shown a big gap with it. Rather, most people s right to health has been seriously violated as the military, which reigns over the people as a state within a state exclusively monopolizes scarce healthcare resources and utilizes them politically. This situation had undermined public health system and resulted in catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditures accounting for more than 70% of total healthcare spending of this country. Therefore, it can be said that Myanmar's healthcare crisis is fundamentally caused by a political crisis. By examining the implications of the civil disobedience movement and the characteristics and limitations of Myanmar's health care policy, this article emphasizes that the improvement of Myanmar's poor healthcare should start with resetting the multi-layered 'state-society' relations, which has been marked by long conflicts. Keywords: Myanmar, Coup d' tat, Civil Disobedience Movement, Healthcare, State-Society Relations, Ethnic Health Organizations(EHOs).

Title: The Issues and Challenges of Migrant Workers Health Coverage in Singapore: Focusing on the Medical Insurance Coverage and Access to HealthAuthor: Kim, Joo-youngName of Journal: The Southeast Asian Review(동남아시아연구)AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the issues and challenges of health coverage for low-skilled migrant workers in Singapore with a focus on medical insurance coverage and access to Health. In particular, I will look at how Singapore s efforts to expand the coverage of medical insurance and improve access to health in the critical turning point of COVID-19. As a result, I present the tasks to achieve universal health coverage that includes migrant workers. The primary care plan introduced as a response to COVID-19 has limitations in not including migrant workers who do not live in dormitories or work in designated industries and domestic workers, but it is meaningful to provide primary care at low cost. After COVID-19, NGOs cooperated with government in ensuring the health coverage for migrant workers. Migrant workers, who previously had limited access to healthcare due to various barriers, were able to access complementary medical services through NGOs. Although COVID-19 has revealed the presence of NGOs, Singapore's rigid government-civil society relationship has made it difficult to fulfill its expanded role. This study highlights the need for the government to strictly supervise employers and insurance companies and to attract NGOs as more active partners.Keywords: Singapore, Migrant Workers, Medical Insurance Coverage, Access to Health, Universal Health Coverage, COVID-19

Title: Refugees Rights to Universal Health Coverage: The case of Rohingya in Southeast AsiaAuthor: Jeonghyeon KimName of Journal: The Southeast Asian Review(동남아시아연구)AbstractUnder what conditions, refugees rights to universal health coverage (UHC) can be improved? This article aims to identify the factors that lead to the varying responses of host countries toward refugees rights to health by examining the medical issues Rohingya refugees have faced in the Southeast Asian region throughout their forced-migration journey. This article suggests that refugees are more likely to access UHC systems in a host country where refugee community organizations are empowered and become self-sufficient with support from international organizations and human rights NGOs. Stable and empowered refugee community organizations have better financial resources and social networks which could help newcomers to access UHC.Keywords: Rohingya, Refugees, Human Rights, Right to Health, Refugee Network

Title: Formation of Universal Health Care System in Indonesia Author: Jeon Je Seong, Kim Hyung Jun Name of Journal: The Southeast Asian Review (동남아시아연구) Abstract The Indonesian democratization of 1998, which proceeded in the midst of a serious economic crisis, imprinted on the elites the need for a social security system including health insurance, which had been perceived as privileges and favors. Such awareness resulted in the enactment of the National Social Security Act in 2004. However, the law to establish Agency for Health Social Security (BPJS), an essential prerequisite for the institutionalization of the 2004 Act, could not be enacted until 2011. The delay was caused by the reluctance of the central government and the ruling parties which considered the Act premature. The deadlock could be broken by, among others, two factors. The preemptive health policies of some local governments in the 2000s which were in line with universal care demonstrated that universal health coverage was feasible under the existing circumstances. The impasse in the legislative process could be resolved by pressures from the alliance of civil movement groups centered on the labor unions. Indonesia s journey towards universal health care is a reminder that welfare reform, including health care, is closely related to, but not an automatic consequence of democratization. It should be emphasized that Indonesia provides a good example demonstrating the positive impacts of decentralization, electoral democracy and social movements on the development of social welfare system. Keywords: health insurance, welfare reform, social security, electoral democracy, democratization, decentralization, labor union, civil society

Title: An Analysis on Overcoming the Crisis of Bali Tourism Industry: The Prospect of Bali Cultural Tourism after COVID-19Author: Jeong Jeong HunName of Journal: KASEAS (동남아시아연구) Vol.32 No. 1.Abstract: This paper examines the historical process of Bali tourism. In particular, it examines how Balinese society understands and copes with the crisis of tourism. Through a view of the historical process, it provides a perspective on how tourism in Bali will change after COVID-19. First, I discuss how the Balinese responded to the crisis of tourism such as the rapid increase in mass tourism in the 1960s and 1970s and the terrorism in the 2000s. Second, the current status of tourism in Bali after COVID-19 and the current discourse on tourism will be reviewed. In particular, it is revealed through case studies that the practice of traditional village rituals is used as an important means of social integration in the process of job loss of tourism workers. Finally, a renewed awareness of the tourism industry and changed policies of central and local governments will be explained in the course of the pandemic. In this process, it is predicted that Bali tourism will change into a policy environment that emphasizes eco-cultural tourism derived from tradition.Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic, Tourism Crisis, Cultural Tourism, Bali

Title: Understanding the Cultural Values of South Korea and VietnamAutor: BEAK Yong-HunName of Journal: Culture and Convergence (문화와 융합) Vol.43 No. 12. Abstract: The year of 2022 marks the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between South Korea and Vietnam. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the cultural values of two countries and to compare their characteristics. This study attempted an empirical analysis using raw data of 7th wave of World Values Survey based on Hofstede s theory of the cultural dimension. According to Hofstede Insights, PDI(Power Distance), IDV(Individualism), and MAS(Masculinity) of S. Korea and Vietnam were found to be similar but the statistical analysis results of this study through an operational definition showed differences. It is time for the relationship between S. Korea and Vietnam to go beyond simply confirming intimacy and make efforts to understand the subtle differences. It is hoped that the two countries will be able to promote a consensus of mutual understanding and achieve sustainable development.Please find the link below to read the full article:https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002789732

Title: A Comparative Study on the 1st-3rd and 4th Waves of COVID-19 Outbreak in Vietnam: Focusing on the Government Roles and its Cooperation with Local CommunitiesAutor: BEAK Yong-HunName of Journal: East Asian Studies (동아연구) Vol.41 No. 1.Abstract: The fourth wave of COVID-19 in Vietnam has been ongoing since the end of April 2021. This study aimes to examine the aspects of 1st 3rd and 4th waves in Vietnam and their implications. In particular, this study focuses on the response systems, methods, and disciplines of the central and local governments and social responses to them, from the end of April to the beginning of July. This period corresponds to the time that infection began to spread in two large cities, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. This study argues that the (central and local) government s proactive response and discipline in dealing with COVID-19, and consistency in the way that discipline is provided to the citizens are important to control the infectious diseases. This paper also derives implications for overcoming the health crisis and epidemics based on the previous research outcomes. In a context where the autonomy of local government is strengthened, policy responses based on the context of local community are required. Moreover when it works properly, citizen participation and trust can be enhanced. If this process becomes a virtuous cycle, the code of conduct that can guarantee public safety is also correctly shared among members, which then could have a positive effect on health.Keywords: Vietnam, COVID-19, 4th Wave, Response, Governments, Local Communities, Cooperation

Title: Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) Initiatives of Enterprise-funded Public Corporations and their Interaction with Non-profit Organizations: a Case Study of Building a Eco-friendly Playground in Central VietnamAutor: Suhyun Youk and Minji YooName of Journal: The Southeast Asian Review(동남아시아연구) Vol.31 No. 4 pp.169-214Abstract: This paper elaborates the extent to which degree of interaction that could occur when enterprise-funded public corporations work with locally-specialized social organizations with a specific case study. As Central Vietnam is a region closely related to the 'Vietnam War', which might be a potential threat to not only the Korean government but also Korean companies that have entered Vietnam, it is considered as an major area that such organizations like Vietnam government, NGO and so on could call into a question. In the context of this situation, Korea government has been putting lots of efforts to support them in various ways; carrying out ODA projects in the governmental and non-governmental ways. In the area of Central Vietnam with political issues, Group C-NGO-, which has contributed for issues and activities related with Vietnam War, has been continuously working hard. Especially, it conducted CSR projects by developing some different CSR contents, which other organizations could not be able to make it. From an eco-friendly playground suggested and developed by Group C with A Enterprise-funded public corporation s financial supports, the Group C might eventually obtain new financial resources and some opportunities to expand their business in more sustainable ways by being connected with the different levels of communities and business areas. Moreover, they were able to approach and build a relationship with new partners, that can help them to manage issues by interacting with local communities, not jut CSR activities. Thus, the CSR activities of corporations can not only boost their profits directly, and not only generate better corporation perceptions, but also can effect on the activities of social organization in the process of interaction between the corporation and organizations that encourage CSR initiatives.Keywords: CSR initiatives of Enterprise-funded public corporation, Locally-specialized NGO, the Middle part of Vietnam, Management of potential issues, Interaction

Title: The Development Patterns and Changes of Support Activities for Migrant Workers in Jeollabuk-do: With a Focus on Civil Society OrganizationsAutor: Joo Young KimName of Journal: Contemporary Society and Multiculture(현대사회와 다문화) Vol.12 No.1 pp.49~82 Abstract: This study analyzes the development patterns and changes of civil society organization s support activities for migrant workers based on cases from Jeollabuk-do, diverging from the trend of mainly focusing on metropolitan migrant workers seen in previous studies. This study revealed the characteristics of support activities for migrant workers conducted in three time periods: 1998-2004, 2005-2010, and 2011 to the present. Initially, organizations in Jeonju received some of the festival budget from local governments using religious networks, but there was little cooperation with local governments as they did not have a high level of understanding on migrant workers. Even in this situation, activists actively sought ways to cooperate with local governments. Recently, there have been signs of expanding migrant worker support activities to new areas such as the social economy.Keywords: Migrant Worker Support Activities, Migrant Workers, Civil Society Organizations, Support Organizations, Jeollabuk-do

Title: Characteristics and Implications of Support Activities for Migrant Workers in Korean Civil Society OrganizationsAutor: Jooyoung KimName of Journal: Civil Society and NGO (시민사회와 NGO)Abstract:This study aims to investigate the current situation of civil society organizations that undertake support activities for migrant workers. The study will analyze the characteristics of these organizations as of 2021 and reveal the implications. There are a total of 155 civil society organizations carrying out support activities for foreign migrant workers. The study examined the characteristics of these organizations according to the time of their foundation and main actors of operation, major activities, and domestic and international cooperation. The establishment date of the civic groups was examined to understand how they changed with the rise of intervention by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and local governments from the 1990s to the 2020s. Religious groups and their influence within the main actors of operation were also identified. Major activities were classified as counseling and education, medical support and the provision of shelters, cultural activities and community support for each country of origin, marriage migrant women support activities, and other activities. While civil society organizations that cooperated domestically participated in solidarity meetings, an examination of international cooperation revealed the intentions of and activities that the minority civic groups are engaged in. Based on these characteristics, four implications were drawn to show the current state of civil society organizations that support migrant workers.Keywords: Migrant Workers, Migrant Worker Support Activities, Civil Society Organizations, Korean Civil Society